• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates generally to the control of the operation of energy generation and distribution systems, and more specifically, to the stabilization of an energy converter after the occurrence of a contingency in the electrical grid. The stabilizer system (182), associated with a power converter controller (44) comprises a regulator stabilizer (186) configured to receive a phase-locked loop error signal (190) and generate a stabilization signal (188) the regulator based at least in part on the phase-locked loop error signal; and a regulator (184, 204) coupled to said regulator stabilizer and a converter interface controller (156); said regulator configured to receive the regulator stabilization signal; generate a first command signal (192, 166), based at least in part on the regulator stabilization signal, which reduces system oscillations; and transmitting the first command signal to the converter interface controller.
    公开号:BR102013009446B1
    申请号:R102013009446-3
    申请日:2013-04-18
    公开日:2020-06-30
    发明作者:Einar Vaughn Larsen
    申请人:General Electric Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] The present invention relates generally to the control of the operation of energy generation and distribution systems, and more specifically, to the stabilization of an energy converter after the occurrence of a contingency in the electric grid. Background of the Invention
    [0002] [002] Wind turbine generators use wind energy to produce electricity. Wind turbine generators typically include a rotor having multiple blades that transform energy into a rotating motion of a transmission shaft, which in turn is used to drive an electrical generator to produce electrical energy. Each of the multiple blades can be tilted to increase or decrease the rotor rotation speed. An output power of a wind turbine generator increases with wind speed until the wind speed reaches a recommended wind speed for the turbine. At and above the recommended wind speed for the turbine, the wind turbine generator operates at recommended energy.
    [0003] [003] Operation at variable speed of the wind turbine generator facilitates better energy capture by the wind turbine generator compared to a constant speed operation of the wind turbine generator. However, the wind turbine generator's variable speed operation produces electricity having varying voltage and / or frequency (s). More specifically, the frequency of electricity generated by the variable speed wind turbine generator is proportional to the rotational speed of the rotor. A power converter can be coupled between the electrical generator and an electrical grid. The power converter transmits electricity having a fixed voltage and frequency for distribution in the electrical grid.
    [0004] [004] The energy generated by an energy supplier, using renewable energy sources or energy sources based on fossil fuel, is typically distributed to a customer by an electric grid. Electricity applied to the electrical grid is required to satisfy grid connectivity expectations. These requirements address safety issues as well as concerns about power quality. For example, grid connectivity expectations include operating the power generation system during a transient occurrence, also referred to here as grid failure or grid contingency. This capacity can be called low voltage crossing ( Low Voltage Ride Through - LVRT) or crossing zero voltage ( Zero Voltage Ride Through - ZVRT). An occurrence (LVRT / ZVRT) is a condition in which the supplied alternating current (AC) voltage is low in one phase of the electrical grid or in multiple phases of the electrical grid. During an LVRT / ZVRT event, the electrical grid's ability to accept energy from the power generation system is low. Following switching actions on the external grid, the grid impedance can increase substantially, leading to a condition here called a "weak grid".
    [0005] [005] The operation of the energy converter is controlled to facilitate it is controlled to facilitate the LVRT / ZVRT. Once the LVRT / ZVRT dissipates, the power converter is controlled to facilitate repair after the event and return the power generation system to steady state operation. During repair, fluctuations in the system can cause instability, for example, instability in an output power by the energy converter. Description of the Invention
    [0006] [006] In one embodiment, a stabilizer system associated with a power converter controller is provided. The stabilizer system includes a stabilizer regulator configured to receive a per phase locked loop error signal (Phase Locked Loop - PLL) regulator and generating a stabilization signal based at least partially on PLL error signal. The stabilizer system also includes a regulator coupled to the regulator stabilizer and a converter interface controller. The regulator is configured to receive the regulator stabilization signal, generate a first command signal, based at least in part on the regulator stabilization signal, which reduces system oscillations, and transmit the first command signal to the control controller. converter interface.
    [0007] [007] In another embodiment, a converter controller for controlling the operation of a power converter is provided. The converter controller includes a stabilizing system for receiving an error signal from a phase locked circuit (PLL) and generating a first command signal, based at least in part on the PLL error signal, which reduces system oscillations. The drive controller also includes a drive interface controller communicatively coupled to the stabilizer system and configured to generate control signals based at least in part on the first command signal and transmit the control signals to a power conversion set.
    [0008] [008] In yet another embodiment, a method is provided for controlling a power generation and distribution system that includes an electric generator, an energy converter, and a controller. The method includes monitoring a power generation output parameter and a distribution system indicating system fluctuations. The method also includes generating, using the controller, a command signal based at least in part on the output parameter. The method also includes a control operation of the power converter based at least in part on the command signal to reduce system oscillations. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0009] [009] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a power generation system.
    [0010] [010] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a portion of a wind turbine that can be used in the power generation system shown in Figure 1.
    [0011] [011] Figure 3 is a partially sectional view of a portion of the wind turbine shown in Figure 2.
    [0012] [012] Figure 4 is a block diagram of the wind turbine shown in Figure 2.
    [0013] [013] Figure 5 is a block diagram of an energy generation and distribution system that can include the wind turbine shown in Figure 2.
    [0014] [014] Figure 6 is a block diagram of a converter control system that can be included within the power generation and distribution system shown in Figure 5.
    [0015] [015] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a stabilizer system that can be included within the converter control system shown in Figure 6.
    [0016] [016] Figure 8 is a block diagram of an alternative converter control system that can be included within the power generation and distribution system shown in Figure 5.
    [0017] [017] Figures 9-18 are graphical views illustrating the operation of an energy generation and distribution system after the occurrence of a contingency in the grid.
    [0018] [018] Figure 19 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the power generation and distribution system shown in Figure 5. Description of Realizations of the Invention
    [0019] [019] As used here, the term "blade" is intended to be representative of any device that provides reactive force when in motion with respect to a surrounding fluid. As used here, the term "wind turbine" is intended to be representative of any device that generates rotational energy from wind energy, and, more specifically, converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy. As used here, the term "wind turbine generator" is intended to be representative of any wind turbine that generates electrical energy from energy for rotation generated from wind energy, and, more specifically, converts mechanical energy converted from kinetic energy wind energy.
    [0020] [020] Technical effects of the methods, systems, and computer-readable media described here include at least one of: (a) monitoring an output parameter of the power generation and distribution system, in which oscillations within the output parameter correspond to system oscillations; (b) generate a command signal based at least in part on the output parameter; and, (c) controlling the operation of the power converter based at least in part on the command signal to reduce system oscillations.
    [0021] [021] The methods, systems, and computer-readable means described here facilitate the reduction of oscillations in the system that can occur during the repair of a contingency occurrence in the grid. As described here, a voltage regulator stabilizer generates a voltage regulator stabilization signal based at least in part on a measured PLL error. The voltage regulator stabilization signal is provided for a voltage regulator that determines a reactive current command based at least in part on the voltage regulator stabilization signal. In addition, a power regulator stabilizer can generate a power regulator stabilization signal based at least in part on the measured PLL error. The power regulator stabilization signal is provided for a power regulator that determines an actual current command based at least in part on the power regulator stabilization signal. The control of the reactive current output and / or the actual current output of the power converter as a function of the PLL error facilitates the reduction of oscillations in the system that may occur during the repair of a contingency occurrence in the grid. In addition, the reduction of oscillations in the system stabilizes the power generation system and the electrical network. Although generally described here with respect to a wind turbine, the methods and systems described here are applicable to any type of electrical generation system including, for example, solar energy generation systems, fuel cells, geothermal generators, hydroenergy generators, and / or other devices that generate energy from renewable and / or non-renewable energy sources.
    [0022] [022] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a power generation system 10 that includes a power generator 12. Power generator 12 includes one or more power generation units 14. Power generation units 14 they may include, for example, wind turbines, solar cells, fuel cells, geothermal generators, hydroenergy generators, and / or other devices that generate energy from renewable and / or non-renewable energy sources. Although three power generation units 14 are shown in the embodiment, in other embodiments, the power generator 12 may include any suitable number of power generation units 14, including only one power generation unit 14.
    [0023] [023] In the embodiment, the power generator 12 is coupled to a power converter 16, or to a power converter system 16, which converts a substantially direct current (DC) output power from the power generator 12 into an energy alternating current (AC). AC power is transmitted to an electrical distribution network 18, or "grid". The power converter 16, in the embodiment, adjusts a voltage and / or current amplitude of the converted AC energy to a suitable amplitude for the electrical distribution network 18, and provides AC power at a frequency and phase that are substantially the same as frequency and phase of the electrical distribution network 18. Furthermore, in the realization, the power converter 16 provides three-phase AC power to the electrical distribution network 18. Alternatively, the power converter 16 provides single-phase AC power to any other number of AC power phases for the electrical distribution network 18. In addition, in some embodiments, the power generation system 10 may include more than one power converter 16. For example, in some embodiments, each generation unit can be coupled to a separate power converter 16.
    [0024] [024] In one embodiment, power generation units 14 include solar panels coupled to form one or more solar arrays to facilitate operation of the power generation system 10 at a desired output power. Each power generation unit 14 can be an individual solar panel or an array of solar panels. In one embodiment, the power generation system 10 includes a plurality of solar panels and / or solar arrays coupled together in a series configuration - in parallel to facilitate the generation of a desired current and / or voltage output from the power generation system 10. Solar panels include, in one embodiment, one or more of a photovoltaic panel, a solar thermal collector, or any other device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. In the realization, each solar panel is a photovoltaic panel that generates substantially direct current energy as a result of solar energy impacting solar panels. In the realization, the solar array is coupled to the energy converter 16, or to the energy converter system 16, which converts the DC energy into alternating current energy that is transmitted to the electrical distribution network 18.
    [0025] [025] In other embodiments, the power generation units 14 include one or more wind turbines coupled to facilitate the operation of the power generation system 10 at a desired output power. Each wind turbine generates substantially direct current energy. The wind turbines are coupled to the power converter 16, or the power converter system 16, which converts the DC power into AC power that is transmitted to an electrical distribution network, or "grid". Methods and systems will also be described here with reference to a power generation system based on a wind turbine like this. However, the methods and systems described here are applicable to any type of electrical generation system including, for example, fuel cells, geothermal generators, hydroenergy generators, and / or other devices that generate energy from renewable energy sources and / or non-renewable.
    [0026] [026] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a wind turbine 20 that can be used in the power generation system 10. Figure 3 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a portion of a wind turbine 20. The turbine wind turbine 20 described and shown here is a wind turbine generator for generating electrical energy from wind energy. In addition, the wind turbine 20 described and illustrated here includes a horizontal geometric axis configuration. However, in some embodiments, the wind turbine 20 may include, in addition to the horizontal geometric axis configuration or as an alternative to it, a vertical geometric axis configuration (not shown). The wind turbine 20 can be coupled to an electrical load (not shown in Figure 2), such as, but not only, a power grid, to receive electrical energy from it to trigger the operation of the wind turbine 20 and / or its components and / or to supply electric energy generated by the wind turbine 20 to them. Although only one wind turbine 20 is shown in Figures 2 and 3, in some embodiments a plurality of wind turbines 20 can be grouped together, what is sometimes called a "wind power plant".
    [0027] [027] The wind turbine 20 includes a body or nacelle 22 and a rotor (generally referred to as 24) coupled to nacelle 22 for rotation with respect to nacelle 22 around a geometric axis of rotation 26. In realization a, nacelle 22 it is mounted on a tower 28. However, in some embodiments, in addition to the tower-mounted nacelle 22 or alternatively to that position, the nacelle 22 may be positioned adjacent to the ground and / or a water surface. The height of the tower 28 can be any suitable height that allows the wind turbine 20 to function as described here. Rotor 24 includes a hub 30 and a plurality of blades 32 (sometimes called "airfoils") extending radially outward from hub 30 to convert wind energy into rotational energy. Although rotor 24 is described and illustrated here as having three blades 32, rotor 24 can have any number of blades 32. Blades 32 can be any length that allows wind turbine 20 to function as described here. For example, in some embodiments, one or more rotor blades 32 are (have) a length of about half a meter, although in some embodiments one or more rotor blades 32 are about fifty meters long. Other examples of blade lengths 32 include ten meters or less, about twenty meters, about thirty-seven meters, and about forty meters. Still other examples include rotor blades between about fifty and about one hundred meters in length, and rotor blades greater than one hundred meters in length.
    [0028] [028] Regardless of how the rotor blades 32 are illustrated in Figure 2, rotor 24 can have blades 32 of any shape, and can have blades 32 of any type and / or any configuration, whether that shape, type, and / or configuration described and / or illustrated here. An example of another type, shape and / or configuration of blades 32 is a Darrieus wind turbine, sometimes called a “mixer” turbine. Another example of another type, shape and / or configuration of blades 32 is a Savonious wind turbine. In addition, a wind turbine 20 may, in some embodiments, be a wind turbine in which rotor 24 is generally turned against the wind to use wind energy, and / or may be a turbine in which rotor 24 is generally turned downwind to use energy. Certainly, in any of the embodiments, the rotor 24 may not be facing exactly against the wind and / or downwind, but it can generally face any angle (which can be variable) with respect to a wind direction to use the energy of it.
    [0029] [029] With reference now to Figure 3, the wind turbine 20 includes an electric generator 34 coupled to the rotor 24 to generate electrical energy from the rotating energy generated by the rotor 24. The generator 34 can be any suitable type of electric generator, such as such as, but not limited to , a rotor induction generator , wound, an induction generator with double feed (double-fed induction generator - DFIG, also known as asynchronous generators with dual power), a synchronous generator , permanent magnet (permanent magnet - PM), an electrically excited synchronous generator, and a switched reluctance generator. The generator 34 includes a stator (not shown) and a rotor (not shown) with an air gap included between them. The rotor 24 includes a rotor shaft 36 coupled to the rotor hub 30 for rotation therewith. The generator 34 is coupled to the rotor shaft 36 so that the rotation of the rotor shaft 36 triggers the rotation of the generator rotor, and therefore the operation of the generator 34. In the realization, the generator rotor has an axis 38 of generator coupled to it and coupled to the rotor shaft 36, so that the rotation of the rotor shaft 36 triggers the rotation of the generator rotor. In other embodiments, the generator rotor is directly coupled to the rotor shaft 36, sometimes called a "direct drive wind turbine". In the embodiment, the generator shaft 38 is coupled to the rotor shaft 36 through a gearbox 40, although in other embodiments the generator shaft 38 is coupled directly to the rotor shaft 36.
    [0030] [030] The torque of the rotor 24 drives the generator rotor to generate variable frequency AC electrical energy from the rotation of the rotor 24. The generator 34 has an air gap torque between the generator rotor and the stator that opposes rotor torque 24. An energy conversion set 42 is coupled to generator 34 to convert the variable AC frequency to a fixed AC frequency for distribution to an electrical charge (not shown in Figure 3), such as, for example, but not only, an electrical grid (not shown in Figure 3), coupled to generator 34. The energy conversion set 42 can include a single frequency converter or a plurality of frequency converters configured to convert generated electricity by the generator 34 in electricity suitable for distribution over the energy grid. The energy conversion set 42 can also be called the energy converter here. The energy conversion assembly 42 can be located anywhere within or away from the wind turbine 20. For example, power conversion set 42 may be located within a base (not shown) of tower 28.
    [0031] [031] In the embodiment, the wind turbine 20 includes at least one system controller 44 coupled to at least one wind turbine component 20 to generally control the operation of the wind turbine 20 and / or to control the operation of its components. For example, system controller 44 can be configured to control the operation of the power conversion set 42, a disc brake 46, a yaw system 48, and / or a variable blade pitch system 50. The brake at disk 46 interrupts the rotation of the rotor 24 to, for example, slow down the rotation of the rotor, brake the rotor 24 against total wind torque, and / or reduce the generation of electrical energy from the electric generator 34. The yaw system 48 to rotate the nacelle 22 about a geometric axis of rotation 52 to change a yaw of the rotor 24, and more specifically to change a direction that appears for the rotor 24 to, for example, adjust an angle between the direction that is presents for rotor 24 and a wind direction.
    [0032] [032] In addition, the variable blade pitch system 50 controls, including, but not limited to changing it, a blade pitch angle 32 (shown in Figures 2-3) with respect to a wind direction. The step system 50 can be coupled to the controller system 44 for control by it. The pitch system 50 is coupled to the hub 30 and blades 32 to change the pitch angle of blades 32 by rotating blades 32 with respect to hub 30. The step drivers can include any structure, configuration, arrangement, means and / or suitable components, described and / or shown here such as, but not limited to, electric motors, hydraulic cylinders, springs, and / or servomechanisms. In addition, stepper actuators can be driven by any suitable means, whether described and / or shown here, such as, but not limited to, hydraulic fluid, electrical energy, electrochemical energy, and / or mechanical energy, such as, for example, but not just, spring force.
    [0033] [033] Figure 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the wind turbine 20. In the embodiment, the wind turbine 20 includes one or more system controllers 44 coupled to at least one component of the wind turbine 20 to control in general the operation of the wind turbine 20 and / or control the operation of the components thereof, regardless of whether such components are described and / or shown here. For example, in the exemplary embodiment, the system controller 44 is coupled to the step system 50 to generally control the rotor 24. In the embodiment, the system controller 44 is mounted inside the nacelle 22 (shown in Figure 3), however in addition or alternatively, one or more system controllers 44 may (m) be located away from nacelle 22 and / or other components of the wind turbine 20. System controllers 44 may be used for monitoring the system as a whole including, without limitation, pitch and speed regulation, application of high speed shaft and yaw brake, application of yaw and pump motor, and / or failure monitoring. Alternative distributed or centralized constructions can be used in some realizations.
    [0034] [034] In one embodiment, wind turbine 20 includes a plurality of sensors, for example, sensors 54, 56 and 58. Sensors 54, 56 and 58 measure a variety of parameters including, without limitation, operating conditions and atmospheric conditions. Each sensor 54, 56 and 58 can be an individual sensor or can include a plurality of sensors. Sensors 54, 56 and 58 can be any suitable sensor having any suitable location within the wind turbine 20 or away from it that allows the wind turbine 20 to function as described herein. In some embodiments, sensors 54, 56 and 58 are coupled to system controller 44 to transmit measurements to system controller 44 for processing.
    [0035] [035] In some embodiments, the system controller 44 includes a bus 62 or other communication device for communicating information. One or more processors 64 is (are) coupled to bus 62 to process information, including information from sensors 54, 56, 58 and / or other sensor (s). The processor (s) 64 may include at least one computer. As used here, the term computer is not limited to integrated circuits mentioned in the art as being a computer, but refers in general to a processor, microcontroller, microcomputer, programmable logic controller (PLC), an application specific integrated circuit, and other programmable circuits, and these terms are used interchangeably here.
    [0036] [036] The system controller 44 may also include one or more random access memories (random access memories - RAM) 66 and / or another device (s) (s) 68. The storage (s) RAM (s) 66 is (are) coupled to bus 62 to store and transfer information and instructions to be executed by processor (s) 64. RAM (s) 66 (and / or other device (s) ( Storage s 68, if included (s) can also be used to store temporary variables or other intermediate information while executing instructions by the processor (s). System controller 44 may also include one or more read-only memories ( Read Only Memories - ROM) 70 and / or other static storage devices coupled to bus 62 to store and provide static (i.e., non-changing) information and instructions for processor (s) 64. The processor (s) processes information transmitted from a plurality of electrical and electronic devices that may include, but are not limited to, speed and energy transducers. Instructions that are executed include, but are not limited to, permanent conversion and / or comparison algorithms. The execution of instruction sequences is not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software instructions.
    [0037] [037] System controller 44 may also include, or may be attached to, an input / output device or devices 72. The input / output device or devices 72 may include any device known in the art to provide data input to system controller 44 and / or provide outputs, such as, but not limited to, outputs for yaw control and / or pitch control. Instructions can be provided for RAM 66 from storage device 68 including, for example, a magnetic disk, a read-only memory integrated circuit (ROM), CD-ROM, and / or DVD, via a remote connection that it is wired or wireless providing access to one or more of the electronically accessible media. In some embodiments, a circuitry with sturdy wires can be used in place of or in combination with the software instructions. Thus, the execution of instruction sequences is not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software instructions, whether described and / or shown here. In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, the input / output device (s) 72 may include, without limitation, computer peripherals associated with an operator interface such as a mouse and keyboard (none of which is shown in Figure 4) . Alternatively, other computer peripherals can also be used which can include, for example, a scanner (not shown in Figure 4). In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, additional output channels may include, for example, an operator interface monitor (not shown in Figure 4). System controller 44 may also include a sensor interface 74 that allows system controller 44 to communicate with sensors 54, 56, 58 and / or other sensor (s). The sensor interface 74 may include one or more analog to digital converters that convert analog signals to digital signals that can be used by the 64 processor (s).
    [0038] [038] In an exemplary embodiment, the wind turbine 20 includes a phase-locked loop regulator 80 (PLL). The PLL 80 regulator is coupled to sensor 56. In the exemplary embodiment, sensor 56 is a voltage transducer configured to measure a terminal grid voltage by power conversion set 42. Alternatively, the PLL 80 regulator is configured to receive a plurality of voltage measurement signals from a plurality of voltage transducers. In an example of a three-phase generator, each of the three-phase transducers is electrically coupled to each of the three phases of a grid bus. The PLL 80 regulator can be configured to receive any number of voltage measurement signals from any number of voltage transducers that allow the PLL 80 regulator to function as described here.
    [0039] [039] Figure 5 is a block diagram of a 150 power generation and distribution system. The 150 power generation and distribution system can be used with wind turbine 20 (shown in Figures 2 and 3) or included within of the same. System 150 includes a power source, for example, generator 34. Although described here as wind turbine generator 34, the power source can include any type of electrical generator that allows system 150 to function as described here, for example. example, a solar energy generation system. System 150 also includes a power converter, such as a power converter set 42. The power converter set 42 receives electrical energy (Pv) 132 generated by generator 34 and converts electrical energy 132 into electrical energy (Pt) 134 (here called terminal energy 134) suitable for transmission through an electric power transmission and distribution grid 136 (here called electrical network 136). A terminal voltage (Vt) 138 is defined at a node between the power conversion set 42 and the electrical network 136. A large power system 140 is coupled to the electrical network 136. The large power system 140 includes a plurality of charges and / or energy sources.
    [0040] [040] In the realization, the system 150 includes a grid-dependent energy limiting system 152. In the realization, a controller, for example, but not only, a system controller 44 (shown in Figure 4), is programmed to perform the grid-dependent power limiting system functions 152. However, in alternative embodiments, grid-dependent power limiting system 152 functions can be performed by any circuit set configured to allow system 150 to function as described here. The energy limiting system 152 is configured to identify the occurrence of a contingency occurrence in the grid, and to provide the energy conversion set with 42 control signals that facilitate the provision of a stable repair of the occurrence in the grid. Generally, when detecting a contingency occurrence in the grid, the energy limiting system 152 provides signals to reduce the output power of the energy conversion set 42. During the repair of the contingency occurring in the grid, the energy limiting system 152 provides signals to increase the active output power of energy conversion set 42. In some embodiments, the power limiting system 152 provides a signal, or signals, to increase the active output power of energy conversion set 42 gradually until the output power of the power conversion set 42 is returned to its pre-failure level.
    [0041] [041] In the embodiment, system 150 also includes a stabilizer system 182 (shown in Figure 6) configured to output a command signal that is provided to the converter interface controller 156 and used to control the operation of the power converter 42 In the realization, a controller, for example, but not only, the system controller 44 (shown in Figure 4), is programmed to perform the functions of the stabilizer system 182. However, in alternative embodiments, the functions of the stabilizer system 182 can be performed by any circuitry configured to allow the system 150 to function as described here. Oscillations within an output of the power converter 42 are reduced when the power converter 42 is operated according to the control signals from the converter interface controller 156 which are based at least in part on the command signal, for example, a reactive current command signal 192 and / or a real current command signal 166.
    [0042] [042] In the embodiment, the stabilizer system 182 includes a regulator 184 and a regulator stabilizer 186. In the exemplary embodiment, regulator 184 is a voltage regulator configured to generate a reactive power command, for example, a command signal 192 for reactive current. The regulator stabilizer 186 is configured to generate a regulator stabilization signal 188 that stabilizes regulator 184 while system 150 recovers from a grid contingency occurrence. For example, regulator stabilizer 186 can generate a voltage regulator stabilization signal and / or a power regulator stabilization signal. In certain embodiments, the energy conversion set 42 responds according to the signals provided by the stabilizer system 182 and reduces the system oscillations that can occur during the repair of the occurrence in the grid.
    [0043] [043] An occurrence in the grid, also called here a contingency occurrence in the grid, can leave the grid 136 in a degraded mode in which the grid impedance is high. An example of an occurrence in the grid includes a short-circuit fault in one of the transmission lines within the electrical grid 136. Protective actions of the electrical transmission remove the faulty portion of the electrical grid 136 to allow the operation of the remaining portion that there are no faults in the electrical network 136. A transmission path remains, which is degraded in its ability to transmit energy from the system 150 to the large power system 140. Such events in the grid cause a brief period of low voltage in the electrical network 136 before removing the faulty portion from the utility grid 136. Typically, the terminal voltage 138 will be significantly degraded at the time of occurrence in the grid. The high impedance in the grid after the fault is eliminated can lead to an oscillatory response of the regulators inside the generator (for example, the energy regulator 204 and / or the voltage regulator 184). These oscillations are typically in a frequency range of approximately 10 hertz (Hz) to 30 Hz, and, in some cases, can become unstable if not properly considered by the 150 system.
    [0044] [044] As shown in Figure 5, in the embodiment, the energy conversion set 42 is configured to receive control signals 154 from a converter interface controller 156. Control signals 154 are based on the captured operating conditions or operational characteristics of the wind turbine 20 as described here and used to control the operation of the power conversion set 42. Examples of measured operating conditions may include, but are not limited to, a voltage terminal grid, a PLL error, a stator bus voltage, a rotor bus voltage, and / or a current. For example, sensor 56 (shown in Figure 4) measures the voltage of terminal grid 138 and transmits a voltage feedback signal 160 to a voltage regulator 184 and to the power limiter system 152. In addition, the PLL regulator 80 (shown in Figure 4) can generate a PLL error signal 190 and transmit signal 190 to the stabilizer system 182 and the energy limiting system 152.
    [0045] [045] In the realization, the voltage regulator stabilizer 186 generates, based at least in part on the PLL error signal 190, a voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 and transmits the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 to the voltage regulator 184. The voltage regulator 184 generates a reactive current command signal 192, based at least in part on the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 and transmits the signal reactive current command 192 to the controller 156 converter interface. In some embodiments the power limiting system 152 also receives a terminal voltage feedback signal 160 and generates a power command signal, for example, actual current command signal 166 which is based at least in part on signal 190 of PLL error and at the terminal voltage feedback signal 160. After a contingency occurrence in the grid, the PLL error signal 190 may oscillate as the system 150 gradually increases an active output power from the energy conversion set 42. In other words, the oscillations within the error signal 190 of PLL are indicative of fluctuations in the system. The voltage regulator stabilizer 186 applies a transfer function to the PLL error oscillating signal 190, which outputs the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188. This feedback loop is configured to reduce oscillations in the system.
    [0046] [046] More specifically, oscillations in the system that occur after a contingency occurrence in the grid are identified by oscillations in the PLL error signal 190, the PLL error signal 190 is supplied to the voltage regulator stabilizer 186, the stabilizer 186 of the voltage regulator generates the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188, and the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 is provided for voltage regulator 184. The voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 carries the command signal 192 reactive current to oscillate in a way that reduces and / or cancels system oscillations. Voltage regulator 184 transmits reactive current command signal 192 to converter interface controller 156. In an alternative embodiment, converter interface controller 156 is included within system controller 44. Other operating condition feedback from other sensors can also be used by controller 44 and / or converter interface controller 156 to control the power conversion set 42.
    [0047] [047] Figure 6 is a block diagram of a converter control system 200 configured to generate control signals provided for a power converter, for example, power conversion set 42 (shown in Figure 5), for control of the power conversion set 42. In the embodiment, the converter control system 200 includes a power limiting system 152, a stabilizer system 182, and a converter interface controller 156. In the embodiment, the energy limiting system 152 includes an energy limiter 202 and an energy regulator 204 and transmits a power command signal, for example, the actual current power command signal 166. In the embodiment, the limiter 180 receives at least one measured operating condition from the system 150. The minimum measured operating condition may include, among others, a PLL error signal 190 from the PLL regulator 80 and a voltage feedback signal 160 terminal grid of sensor 54. Power limiter 180 also receives a stored reference energy control signal 194 from, for example, system controller 44 (shown in Figure 3). In some embodiments, the power limiter 180 receives the terminal grid voltage feedback signal 160 and the terminal grid voltage feedback signal 160 and the stored reference energy control signal 194. In other embodiments, the power limiter 180 receives the PLL error signal 190 and the stored reference energy control signal 194. In other embodiments, the power limiter 180 receives the PLL error signal 190 and the terminal grid voltage feedback signal 160, as well as the stored reference energy control signal 194. In the embodiment, the energy limiter 180 generates a control signal 206 and transmits the energy control signal 206 to the energy regulator 204. The energy regulator 204 generates a real current command signal 166 and transmits the signal 166 of actual current command for converter interface controller 156. The converter interface controller 156 can also be called the drive trip control here. As described above, the PLL regulator 80 can be included within system controller 44, or can be coupled to system controller 44, but not integrated with it.
    [0048] [048] In the realization, the PLL 80 regulator receives the signal 160 of terminal grid voltage feedback. For example, the PLL regulator 80 can receive the terminal grid voltage feedback signal 160 (shown in Figure 3 as Vt) provided by sensor 54 (shown in Figure 3). As described above, the PLL regulator 80 generates the PLL error signal 190 and a PLL 208 phase angle signal. The PLL 208 phase angle signal is transmitted to the converter interface controller 156 for control of the energy conversion set 42 and for subsequent control of electrical currents injected into utility grid 136 (shown in Figure 4).
    [0049] [049] In the realization, the voltage regulator stabilizer 186 also receives the PLL error signal 190. In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, the voltage regulator stabilizer 186 applies a predefined transfer to the PLL error signal 190 to generate the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188. The voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 is applied to voltage regulator 184, which combines signal 188 with voltage feedback signal 160 to generate reactive current command signal 192. Oscillations within the PLL error signal 190 provide an indication of system oscillations that may occur after a contingency occurrence in the grid. More specifically, oscillations within the PLL error signal 190 correspond to system oscillations, for example, oscillations in terminal voltage 138 (shown in Figure 5) and / or oscillations in output voltage 134 (shown in Figure 5). Determination of reactive current command signal 192 based in part on PLL error signal 190 facilitates the reduction of oscillations in the system.
    [0050] [050] An example of the transfer function applied by the voltage regulator stabilizer 186 isolates a frequency range in the PLL error signal 190 that includes an indication of regulator oscillations (for example, a filter passes between 10 Hz and 30 Hz ), and applies a selected gain to cause the regulator oscillations to be positively decreased. The transfer function can be determined based, for example, on calculations, simulations, and / or tests in which the voltage regulator stabilizer 186 applies several voltage regulator stabilization signals 188 to the voltage regulator 184. The transfer may include linear components, for example, bandpass and gain filtering, and may also include any non-linear components, for example, among others, limiters and neutral zones, which allow the system 150, in conjunction with the electrical grid 136 , to work as described here. More specifically, the voltage regulator stabilizer 186 can apply linear and non-linear transfer functions to the PLL error signal 190 to generate a voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 that decreases oscillations in the system.
    [0051] [051] Voltage regulator 184 receives stabilization signal 188 from voltage regulator and generates signal 192 of reactive current command. The reactive current command signal 192 is provided to the converter interface controller 156, which controls the operation of the power conversion set 42 according to the reactive current command signal 192.
    [0052] [052] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a voltage regulator, for example, voltage regulator 184 (shown in Figure 6) and an exemplary voltage regulator stabilizer, for example, voltage regulator stabilizer 186 (shown in Figure 6). As described above with reference to Figure 6, in the case of a grid contingency such as a weak grid, the output power of the conversion set 42 may fluctuate. The voltage regulator stabilizer 186 receives a PLL error signal 190 and generates the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188. Voltage regulator 184 generates reactive current command signal 192 based on voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 and voltage feedback signal 160 and sends reactive current command signal 192 to controller interface 156. converter. The reactive current command signal 192 instructs the converter interface controller 156 to inject current into the mains 136 which includes a reactive component configured to decrease oscillations in output power. The decrease in output power oscillations increases the stability of the network 136 and improves the power generation and distribution system 150.
    [0053] [053] In realization, voltage regulator 184 receives signal 188 voltage stabilizer from voltage stabilizer 186 from voltage regulator, receives terminal voltage feedback signal 160, and receives reference voltage command signal 240 (VREF) from at least one volt-ampere reactive regulator 242 (VAR). VREF 240 is also mentioned here as a reference voltage. Upon detection of a contingency occurrence in the grid, the energy limiting system 152 transmits a real current command signal 166 (shown in Figure 6) to the converter interface controller 156 to reduce the energy emitted by the energy conversion assembly 42. After the grid contingency has been resolved, the energy limiting system 152 generates signals, for example, the actual current command signal 166, which command a gradual increase in the output power of the energy conversion set 42. During the occurrence of contingency in the grid, for example, terminal voltage 138 indicates the occurrence of contingency in the grid, voltage regulator 184 generates a reactive current command signal 192 that increases the reactive current output through the energy conversion set 42 to withstand the voltage of the terminal grid 138 until the contingency occurrence in the grid is resolved. In the event of an eventuality occurring in the grid, the signal 192 of reactive current command returns to a lower level, causing the current output through the energy conversion set 42 to decrease until approximately the level of the reactive current output through the set of output conversion 42 before the contingency in the grid occurs. As the energy emitted by the energy conversion set 42 increases during the repair of the contingency occurrence in the grid, additional reactive current may be required to maintain terminal voltage 138 and prevent the collapse of the mains voltage 136.
    [0054] [054] To facilitate the reduction in oscillations of the energy emitted by the conversion set 42, the voltage regulator stabilizer 186 generates the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 and transmits the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 to the voltage regulator. voltage 184. The voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 is added to the reference voltage control signal 240. Thereafter, voltage regulator 184 generates a reactive current command signal 192 that includes a reactive current component configured to cancel oscillations in the output power by power conversion set 42. Voltage regulator 184 adds signal 188 stabilizing voltage regulator and command signal 240 of the reference voltage and subtracts terminal voltage feedback signal 160 to produce an error signal. A control block 246 receives the error signal and generates the reactive current command signal 192.
    [0055] [055] Figure 8 is a block diagram of an alternative realization of the converter control system 200 (shown in Figure 6) and identified here as converter control system 220. The converter control system 220 is configured to generate control signals provided for an energy converter, for example, the energy conversion set 42 (shown in Figure 5), for control of the energy conversion set 42. In the alternative embodiment, the stabilizer system 182 includes the energy regulator 204 which is configured to generate a real power command, for example, the actual current command signal 166. In the alternative embodiment, the regulator stabilizer 186 is a power regulator stabilizer configured to generate the stabilization signal 188, which is, more specifically, an energy stabilization signal. The power stabilization signal 188 is provided to the power regulator 204, which generates control signals based at least in part on signal 188. Control signals, for example, actual current command signal 166, are provided to the converter interface controller 156. In the alternative embodiment, the converter control system 220 includes a power limiting system 152, a stabilizer system 182, and a converter interface controller 156.
    [0056] [056] Figures 9-18 are graphical views illustrating the operation of an energy generation and distribution system after the occurrence of a contingency in the grid. More specifically, Figures 9-13 illustrate the operation of a power generation and distribution system that does not include a regulator stabilizer, for example, regulator stabilizer 186 (shown in Figure 6). In contrast, Figures 14-18 illustrate the operation of a power generation and distribution system, for example, the power generation and distribution system 150 (shown in Figure 5), which includes the regulator stabilizer 186. The measurements illustrated in Figures 9-18 were obtained through experimentation and / or calculation and are included to illustrate the effect of the operation of the regulator stabilizer 186 on the power generation and distribution system 150.
    [0057] [057] Figures 9 and 14 are graphical views of the PLL error signal 190 versus time. As described above, after a contingency occurrence in the grid, the oscillations in the system that arise from the operation of voltage regulator 184 (shown in Figure 6) are measured and evident in the PLL error signal 190 (see Figure 9). Figure 14 illustrates the reduction in oscillations in the system, as shown by the reduction in oscillations of PLL error signal 190.
    [0058] [058] Figures 10 and 15 are graphical views of a sum 250 of the reference voltage command signal 240 and the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 (both shown in Figure 7) versus time. As shown in Figure 10, without voltage regulator stabilizer 186, no voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 will be provided for voltage regulator 184. Therefore, the sum 250 of the reference voltage command signal 240 and the signal 188 voltage regulator stabilization results in the reference voltage command signal 240, which, in the example shown, is constant over time.
    [0059] [059] As shown in Figure 15, the sum 250 of the reference voltage control signal 240 and the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 varies over time. The reference voltage command signal 240 remains constant, however, the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 varies over time.
    [0060] [060] Figures 11 and 16 are graphical views of the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 (shown in Figure 7) versus time. In the illustrated example, the oscillation of the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 is an example of a system oscillation that occurs, for example, while the system 150 is recovering from a grid contingency occurrence. Figure 11 illustrates an oscillation of the system (for example, oscillations of the terminal voltage feedback signal 160) that increases over time. Figure 16 illustrates the reduction in system oscillations (for example, reduction in oscillations of the terminal voltage feedback signal 160), caused by the operation of the voltage regulator stabilizer 186. More specifically, Figure 16 illustrates how the application of the sum 250 (shown in Figure 15) the operation of voltage regulator 184 decreases oscillations of signal 160 of terminal voltage feedback.
    [0061] [061] Figures 12 and 13 are graphical views of electrical energy 134 (shown in Figure 5) versus time in a power generation and distribution system that does not include voltage regulator stabilizer 186. More specifically, Figure 12 illustrates a reactive energy component of electrical energy 134 and Figure 13 illustrates a real energy component of electrical energy 134. The oscillations of electrical energy 134 illustrated in Figures 12 and 13 are another example of oscillations in the system that can occur while system 150 is recovering from a grid contingency occurrence.
    [0062] [062] Figures 17 and 18 are graphical views of electrical energy 134 (shown in Figure 5) versus time in a power generation system that includes a voltage regulator stabilizer, for example, the power generation system 150 that includes voltage regulator stabilizer 186. Figures 17 and 18 illustrate the reduction in oscillations in the system, more specifically, the reduction in oscillations in electrical energy 134, caused by the operation of the voltage regulator stabilizer 186.
    [0063] [063] Figure 19 is a flow chart 260 of a method 270 for controlling an energy generation and distribution system, for example, the energy generation and distribution system 150 (shown in Figure 5). In the embodiment, the power generation and distribution system 150 includes an electrical generator, for example, electrical generator 34 (shown in Figure 5), an energy converter, for example, energy converter set 42 (shown in Figure 5 ), and a system controller, for example, system controller 44 (shown in Figure 4).
    [0064] [064] In realization, method 270 includes monitoring 272 of an output parameter of the energy generation and distribution system 150 that is indicative of oscillations in the system. For example, a PLL regulator, for example, the PLL regulator 80 (shown in Figure 4), can monitor 272 a PLL error, and generate a PLL error signal, for example, the PLL error signal 190 . The output parameter can also include, among others, a voltage feedback signal, for example, the voltage feedback signal 160 (shown in Figure 5). As described above, oscillations within the PLL error signal 190 are indicative of system oscillations.
    [0065] [065] In the realization, method 270 also includes generating a command signal 276, for example, a reactive current command signal 192 (shown in Figure 5) and / or a command signal 166 if actual current 166 (shown in Figure 5), based at least in part on the output parameter. For example, system controller 44 can generate 276 the command signal by applying a transfer function to PLL error signal 190 to generate a voltage regulator stabilization signal, for example, the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188 voltage (shown in Figure 6). A voltage regulator, for example, voltage regulator 184 (shown in Figure 6) is configured to generate command signal 192 based at least in part on voltage regulator stabilization signal 188. In an alternative embodiment, the system controller 44 can generate the command signal 276 by applying a transfer function to the PLL error signal 190 to generate a voltage regulator stabilization signal, for example, the stabilization signal 188 voltage regulator (shown in Figure 8). A power regulator, for example, power regulator 204 (shown in Figure 8) is configured to generate a control signal 166 based at least in part on the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188.
    [0066] [066] More specifically, generating 276 command signal 192 may include adding the voltage regulator stabilization signal 188, a reference voltage command signal, for example, the reference voltage command signal 240 (shown in Figure 7), and a terminal voltage feedback signal 160 (shown in Figure 7). In addition, applying the transfer function may include applying a predefined transfer function for PLL error signal 190 that isolates a frequency range within PLL error signal 190 that includes an indication of fluctuations in the system. Applying the transfer function may also include applying a predefined gain to the PLL error signal 190 to positively decrease system oscillations.
    [0067] [067] In embodiment, method 270 also includes controlling 278 the operation of power converter 42 based at least in part on reactive current command signal 192 and / or on actual current command signal 166 to reduce oscillations in the system.
    [0068] [068] The achievements described above facilitate an efficient and cost-effective wind turbine operation. The wind turbine includes a voltage regulator stabilizer system that generates a voltage regulator stabilization signal based at least in part on a measured PLL error. The voltage regulator stabilization signal is provided for a voltage regulator that determines a reactive current command based at least in part on the voltage regulator stabilization signal. Controlling the reactive current output as a function of the PLL error facilitates the reduction of system oscillations that may occur during the repair of a contingency occurrence in the grid. The method and systems described here make it easier to increase the stability of the voltage regulator and, in addition, the stability voltage and / or the output power by the wind turbine following a grid contingency.
    [0069] [069] Realizations of a wind turbine, a voltage regulator stabilizer system, and methods for operating a wind turbine in response to a grid contingency are described in detail above. The methods, the wind turbine, and the voltage regulator stabilizer system are not limited to the specific achievements described here, but instead, components of the wind turbine, components of the voltage regulator stabilizer system, and / or method steps can be used independently and separately from other components and / or steps described here. For example, the voltage regulator stabilizing system and methods can also be used in combination with other systems and methods related to wind turbine energy, and are not limited to running only with the power systems described here. On the contrary, the realization can be implemented and used in connection with many other applications in wind turbine and power systems.
    [0070] [070] Although specific features of various embodiments of the invention can be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only. According to the scope of the invention, any feature of a design can be referred to and / or claimed in combination with any feature of any other design.
    [0071] [071] This written description uses examples to describe the invention, including the best mode, and also to allow a person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any built-in methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. These other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that are not different from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with non-substantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    STABILIZER SYSTEM (182), associated with a power converter controller (44), being configured to be coupled to a converter interface controller (156), the system comprising: a regulator (184, 204) coupled to the converter interface controller (156) and configured to generate a first command signal (192, 166) and transmit the first command signal (192, 166) to the converter interface controller (156); a regulator stabilizer (186) configured to receive a phase locked loop error signal (190) (PLL) and generate a regulator stabilization signal (188) based at least in part on the loop error signal locked by phase (190), where the loop error signal locked by phase (190) is indicative of oscillations in the system (182); and the system (182) being characterized by: a regulator (184, 204) coupled to the regulator stabilizer (186); the regulator (186) configured for: receiving the regulator stabilization signal (188); and generate the first command signal (192, 166), based at least in part on the regulator stabilization signal (188), which reduces system oscillations.
    [0002]
    SYSTEM (182), according to claim 1, characterized in that the regulator stabilizer (186) is further configured to apply a pre-defined transfer function for the phase-locked loop error signal (190), in which the signal The regulator stabilization (188) is a product of the pre-defined transfer function, and in which the pre-defined transfer function isolates, a frequency range within the phase-locked loop error signal (190) that includes a indication of oscillations in the system and applies a gain to positively decrease system oscillations.
    [0003]
    SYSTEM (182) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that oscillations within the phase-locked loop error signal (190) correspond to system oscillations including at least one of the oscillations of a terminal voltage (138) at an output of an energy converter (42) associated with the controller (44) of the converter and electrical energy (134) emitted by the energy converter, and in which the oscillations of the system correspond to instabilities in the system.
    [0004]
    SYSTEM (182) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the first command signal (192, 166), when provided to the converter interface controller (156) and used to control the operation of the energy converter (42), decrease system oscillations.
    [0005]
    SYSTEM (182) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the regulator (184, 204) comprises at least one voltage regulator (184) and one energy regulator (204), and in which the first signal command (192, 166) comprises at least one of a reactive current command signal (192) generated by the voltage regulator (184) and an actual current command signal (166) generated by the energy regulator (184).
    [0006]
    CONVERTER CONTROLLER (200, 220) to control operation of a power conversion set (42), the converter controller (200, 220) characterized by comprising: a stabilizer system (182) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5; and a converter interface controller (156) communicatively coupled to the stabilizer system and configured to generate control signals based at least in part on the first command signal and transmit the control signals to the power conversion set.
    [0007]
    CONTROLLER (200, 220), according to claim 6, characterized by oscillations in the system including at least one of the oscillations of terminal voltage (138) and / or electrical output power (134) by the energy conversion set (42), and in which the oscillations of the system correspond to the instability of the system.
    [0008]
    CONTROLLER (200, 220) according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in a stabilizing system (182) comprising: a regulator stabilizer (186) configured to receive the phase-locked loop error signal (190) and generate a regulator stabilization signal (188); and, a regulator (184, 204) coupled to the regulator stabilizer and configured to receive the regulator stabilization signal, generate the first command signal (192, 166), based at least in part on the regulator stabilization signal, and provide the first command signal to the converter interface controller (156).
    [0009]
    CONTROLLER (200, 220) according to claim 8, characterized in that the regulator (184, 204) comprises at least one of a voltage regulator (184) and a power regulator (204), and in which the first signal of The control comprises at least one of a reactive current command signal (192) generated by the voltage regulator and an actual current command signal (166) generated by the energy regulator (204).
    [0010]
    CONTROLLER (200, 220) according to any one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that the regulator stabilizer (186) is configured to apply a pre-defined transfer function to the phase-locked loop error signal (190) , where the regulator stabilization signal (188) is the product of the output of the pre-defined transfer function, in which the pre-defined transfer function isolates a frequency range within the loop error signal per phase that includes an indication of system oscillations and applies a gain to positively decrease system oscillations.
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    法律状态:
    2017-06-06| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2017-07-25| B03H| Publication of an application: rectification [chapter 3.8 patent gazette]|
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-30| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 18/04/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/454,647|2012-04-24|
    US13/454,647|US9093928B2|2012-04-24|2012-04-24|Methods and systems for controlling a power converter|
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